Commonly known as "bute" or simply PBZ, phenylbutazone is one of the oldest known nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), second only to aspirin ( Soma). Phenylbutazone was initially marketed for human use to relieve gout, gouty arthritis, rheumatism, and various other rheumatoid disorders, and the first studies published in the 1950s confirmed its effectiveness in human applications ("Phenylbutazone") . However, after it was discovered that phenylbutazone causes bone marrow depression, blood disorders, and cancer, its use in humans was discontinued in the United States, but remains one of the most commonly prescribed NSAIDs in medicine today. equine veterinarian (Papich, Soma). Additionally, PBZ is labeled as an analgesic/. anti-inflammatory antipyretic indicated for dogs, cattle and pigs with documented off-label use in rabbits, elephants and other animals for musculoskeletal pain/inflammation, arthritis and soft tissue injuries ( Plumb, Mikota, Papich).Phenylbutazone is also recognized as butadiene, fenilbutazona, bute, phenylbutzaonum or phyenylbute, and is available from a number of manufacturers in tablet form (1 g, 100 mg, 200 mg), paste (6 g or 12 g), powder (1 g in 10 g of powder). to mix with food), and solution forms (200 mg/mL in 100 mL bottles) (Plumb, Papich). Oral administration is the most common route of administration, although the intravenous route is also used; PBZ should never be administered intramuscularly or subcutaneously as the substance is extremely irritating to tissues and can cause swelling, scaling and necrosis (Plumb). When taken orally, phenylbutazone is absorbed through the stomach and small intestine; in equines it binds to plasma up to 99%, meaning it passes middle of paper....... Louis, MO: Elsevier Saunders, 2011. 605-07. Print."Phenylbutazone." Official FDA information, side effects and uses. Drugs.com, nd Web. November 15, 2013. “Phenylbutazone in horses – Veterinarians. » Product safety information. FDA Center for Veterinary Medicine, October 14, 2009. Web. November 6, 2013. Plumb, Donald C., Pharm.D. “Phenylbutazone”. Plumb's Manual of Veterinary Medicines. 7th ed. Ames, IA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011. 811-13. Print. Raeeszadeh, Mahdeih, Hamidreza Fattahian, Hamid Rajaian and Shahabeddin Safi. “Interaction between phenylbutazone and sodium thiopental in stray dogs: the effect on recovery after anesthesia.” Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi 19.5 (2013): 780-82. Print.Soma, LR, CE Uboh and GM Maylin. “The use of phenylbutazone in horses.” The Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 35 (2011): 1-12. Print.