Mass retailing affected the way people bought food, but also the way food was distributed throughout the local and global supply chain. Supermarkets are the largest and hold most of the power in food supply chains. Thus, they also affect what happened with other possible grocery stores, such as small stores, farmers' markets, and wholesale fruit and vegetable markets. The supermarket model has generated some resistance. For example, consumer activists have led some changes through i) local agri-food systems and ii) alternative systems such as fair trade, food sovereignty, supranational certification agencies (Clapp, 2012). Local agrifood systems (Localized Agrifood Systems, or SYAL) emphasize the community of a specific enclave and their shared forms of knowledge and identity and also focus on territorial production. Alternative systems also focus on place, but in a socially constructed way, emphasizing the distribution and consumption of a particular product. According to Bowen and Mutersbaugh (2013), SYAL is also linked to environmental characteristics and cultural knowledge, as affirmed by political-economic dynamics. to indicate that the territory determines rural development. Extensions of this approach are reflected in territorial and cooperative agriculture in Mediterranean Europe and Latin America, in state-sponsored instructions such as designations of origin and geographical indications, mainly in Latin America and Asia ( Bowen and Mutersbaugh, 2013). Alternative Systems contains several different initiatives but with some elements in common, such as the emphasis on "integration", which is conceived as social bonds in which food relationships are circumscribed...... middle of paper .. ....Glazer, N.Y. (1993). Women's paid and unpaid work: the shift in labor in health care and retail. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. Herrmann, A. (2002). Shopping for identities: gender and consumer culture. Feminist Studies: FS, 28(3), 539. Hinrichs, CC (2000). Integration and local food systems: notes on two types of direct agricultural markets. Journal of Rural Studies, 16(3), 295-303.Humphery, K. (1998). Shelf life: supermarkets and the evolution of consumer cultures. Cambridge University Press. Koch, S.L. (2013). A theory of grocery shopping: food, choice and conflict. Bloomsbury Publishing. Koch, S.L. and Sprague, J. (2014). Economic sociology vs real life: the case of racing. American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 73(1), 237-263. Veblen, T. (2005). The theory of the leisure class; an economic study of institutions. Aakar Books.