Alcohol (wine, beer, or liquor) is the leading known preventable cause of birth and physical defects in the United States. When a woman drinks alcohol while pregnant, she risks giving birth to a child who will pay the price in mental and physical disabilities for the rest of her life. One study (Phyllis Trujillo Lewis, MA, Philip A. May, PhD, and Virginia C. Shipman, PhD, 2007) stated that "many studies of alcohol-related birth defects have concluded that maternal alcohol consumption , aggravated by other risk factors, leads to fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). FAS is a serious birth defect and the most common non-genetic cause of mental retardation" as stated (Hankin, 2002; Abel & Sokol, 1986; O'Connor, Kogan & Findlay, 2002; May & Gossage, in press) . It is not known to what extent maternal alcohol consumption leads to FAS or other related disorders, or why some women who drink are at much higher risk than others of giving birth to a child with alcohol-related impairments. alcohol (Stratton, Howe and Battaglia, 1996). . However, researchers have identified several maternal risk factors that are differentially associated with FAS. These include advanced maternal age, number of pregnancies, previous births of a child with FAS, cohabitation with a male partner who drinks heavily, and low socioeconomic status (SES; May et al. 2004 ; FAS is 100% preventable, making awareness and education the primary method of FAS prevention. Research by Lewis, May and Shipman shows that less educated women are less aware of the risks of drinking alcohol during pregnancy. There are five typical types of interventions for patients with FAS (Fetal Alcohol Syndrome [Wikipedia entry]. (nd) Retrieved December 1...... middle of article ...... accessed on December 1, 2013, at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fetal_alcohol_syndrome.)Kjellmer, L., Olswang, L., & , (2007). Variability in classroom social communication: Performance of children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders and their typically developing peers. Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research N Vol. 56 No. 982–993 No. June 2013 North American Speech-Language Association, Lewis, P., May, P. and Shipman, V. (2007). Socioeconomic Status, Psychological Distress, and Other Maternal Risk Factors for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Among Northern Plains American Indians Risk Factors for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders, Volume 17 Issue 2Merrick J, Merrick E, Morad M, Kandel I. (2006). Fetal alcohol syndrome and its long-term effects. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Faculty of Health Sciences;58(3):211-8.