The discovery of antibiotics is one of the wonderful innovations that humanity has known, but this slight miracle died out just after the emergence of antibiotic resistance and the understanding of these origins and mechanisms. Although some authors have implemented corrective plans to minimize the clinical and economic damage caused by antibiotic resistance, known today as an alarming crisis, the latter continues to grow and spread by implanting these different negative impacts on the patient and the health system. Faced with this alarming situation, researchers have left traditional platforms to find new control and prevention strategies. The search for new strains of actinobacteria that produce new antibiotics is one of the strategies, because some authors claim that this group of actinobacteria is a deposit of bioproducts, and marine actinobacteria are also considered a good source of pharmaceutical bioproducts. . Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on “Why violent video games should not be banned”? Get the original essay These bacteria belonging to the order Actinomycetales are aerobic, spore-forming, Gram-positive and produce aerial mycelium, in the soil they play a role in the cycle of organic matter and the degradation of organic debris, inhibit pathogens by production of secondary metabolites near the rhizosphere of plants and participate in the bio-decontamination of soils polluted by hydrocarbons. Although soil microorganisms are the dominant facilitators of biogeochemical cycles, the meta-genomic study of different soils has shown that desert communities have more abundant osmoregulation and dormancy genes than genes associated with nutrient cycling. and the catabolism of organic compounds. Antibiotic resistance genes were three times less abundant in desert soils, suggesting that the functioning of desert microbial communities is linked to abiotic conditions. Several studies have revealed the role, ecological importance and medical interest of Actinobacteria isolated from neutral, forest and marine soils. , but few studies have illustrated these parameters in actinobacteria isolated from extreme environments. These extremophilic actinobacteria isolated from the desert correspond to alkali-thermophilic, thermophilic, thermo-acidophilic, radiotolerant thermophilic, alkalitolerant thermophilic, halophilic and haloalkaline bacteria. Polyextremophiles and polyextremotolerants also exist in environments with extreme conditions and can adapt to environments with multiple constraints, their impact is poorly illustrated in some limited work on Antarctic regions, oceans, Arctic deserts and hot springs. The aim of this perspective is to join and expose very recent results revealing the remarkably high diversity of actinobacteria in the Algerian desert including rare strains producing novel metabolites, a finding that strongly resonates with our decision to explore unique microbiomes hosted in the geology of this vast desert illustrated in this insightful and truly understudied. The actinobacterial phylum constitutes one of the largest taxonomic ranks among the 18 major lineages known in the field of bacteria, comprising 5 subclasses, 6 orders and 14 suborders. They are present in fresh and marine waters and abundant in soils rich in organic matter. The majority of these microorganisms are saprophytes (Streptomyces) and in unfavorable soil conditions, their life cycle is blocked in the sporulation phase. These microorganisms.