In the social sciences, there is an endless debate regarding fundamental questions between methodological individualism and methodological holism. The reason this is such a passionate and deeply rooted debate among researchers is because it touches on our most "deeply held" beliefs about the nature of the individual and society, our knowledge about it and the idea of ​​a good society. Udehn, 2002). According to Parsons (1937), methodological individualism is an assertion of social phenomena that must be explained by showing how these result from individual actions, which in turn must be explained by reference to the intentional states that motivate individual actors . Simply put, it is the claim that explanations of “macro” social phenomena must be supported by “micro” foundations (Alexander, 1987). The main objective of this article is to examine the arguments of both spectrums of the advantages and disadvantages of the ideology of methodological individualism. The goal is not to conclude which is better, but simply to understand the arguments on both sides. Believing in methodological individualism means that all theories must be developed as "the whole is more than the sum of its parts" and therefore must be denied. that any group characteristic is indefinable in terms of the individuals included in the group. One of the main arguments proposed by Mandelbaum (1955) is that of “cashier and customer”. The exposition proceeds by describing a social fact of their interaction situation and asking a hypothetical reductionist to explain its psychological terms. If this can be done, another feature of the interaction is presented, and an explanation in psychological terms is again required. This process is repeated until the middle of the paper......952). The counter-revolution of scientific studies on the abuse of reason. Indianapolis, IN: Liberty Press. Hayek, F. A. (1988). Fatal vanity. The errors of socialism. London, UK: Routledge. Mandelbaum, M. (1957). Societal facts. British Journal of Sociology, 6, pp. 305-317. Mandelbaum, M. (1957). Societal laws. British Journal of the Philosophy of Science. 8, pp. 211-224. Mises, L. (1998). Human action. A treatise on economics. Auburn, AL: Ludwig von Mises Institute. Parsons, T. (1937). The Structure of Social Action: Volume II.New York, NY: Free Press.Petitot, J. (2012). Methodological individualism and cultural evolution.Soveria: Rubbettino.Udehn, L. (2002). The changing face of methodological individualism. Annual Review of Sociology, 28, pp. 479-507. Vanberg, V. J. (1994). Rules and choices of the economy. London, United Kingdom: Routledge.