The characteristic of change in organizations“The future is not the result of choices among the alternative paths offered by the present, but a place that is created-created first in the mind and the will. , then created in activity. The future is not a place we go to but a place we create. Paths are not to be found but traced, and the activity of tracing them changes both the landmark and the destination. » John Schaar, futurist 2.0 IntroductionChange is a daily occurrence. An example of such daily change is people coming to wealthier countries in search of a better life. The basis of an organization is its employees. Every new person brings something new to an organization. Over the previous few years, four types of changes have been introduced: • “Introduction of major new office technologies • Introduction of major new plant, machinery or equipment • Major reorganization of the workplace structure • Major changes in how non-managerial employees do their job” Source: Morgan, D. and Zeffane, R. (2003) “Employee involvement, organizational change and trust in management”. International Journal of Human Resource Management. Flight. 14, No. 1, p.64.3.0 Change versus stabilityIn a changing world, the organization must change to survive and thrive. Moreover, in doing so, it must continue to deploy people to produce goods and services normally, even if additional efforts are required of them as they experience change. The dilemma is therefore that of finding a balance between change and stability. Another question is how poor countries and weak organizations manage change. 4.0 PEST FactorsInfluence most organizations, their strategies, structures and means of operation, including their human resource practices.ORGANIZATIONPolitical Factors • Government legislation• Government ideology• International law• Rights• War• Local law• Taxation• Union activitiesEconomic factors • Competitors • Suppliers • Exchange rates • Wage rates • Government economic policies • Economic policies of other countries • Lending policies of financial institutions • Changes from public to private ownership Socio-cultural factors • Demographic trends (customers and employees) • Lifestyle changes • Availability of skills • Attitudes toward work and employment • Attitudes toward minority groups • Sex role issues