Every war has a main conflict, which is defined as two or more sides fighting for opposing ideas to achieve a certain goal. This study focuses on coercive tactics used by opposing parties, ranging from threats to violent coercion. War occurs when the conflicting parties have different interests and the complexity of the conflict varies. Factors such as money, security and recognition of state authority are of greater importance than intangible factors such as values ​​and ideologies. According to the Heidelberg Institute for International Conflict, a conflict is defined as "a conflict of interests between countries with respect to their national values ​​that significantly affects either party willing to pursue their interests until the end with success. An accurate analysis of an international conflict must include three crucial factors: the parties involved, the incompatibilities, and the war process. Indeed, “the use of the state of emergency was the most obvious link between the Algerian war and the use of coercion and repression”. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on “Why violent video games should not be banned”?Get the original essayFor this study, the war between Algeria and France is examined from the interesting perspective of security dilemma theory ethnic in domestic politics. The ethnic security dilemma theory is based on the idea that a state's government poses the most serious threat to any minority group in the country. Ethnic identity is an important element in group conflict, and the government can mobilize state resources to commit genocide (eradicate a particular group). “The ethnic security dilemma arises when a particular group attempts to control state authority and the situation quickly escalates into war,” Shiping Tang draws on the famous BHJ formulation (Butterfield, Herz, and Jervis ). By nature, “in international politics, anarchy is the root of the ethnic dilemma.” In a state characterized by anarchy, conflicting parties cannot be sure of their adversary's intentions and therefore operate in constant fear. Due to uncertainty and constant fear, the government may resort to the accumulation of power to coerce the enemy by any means. Therefore, the dynamics of the situation turn into racism, violence and ultimately culminate in war. There are three essential factors that influence the ethnic security dilemma:; accumulation of power, anarchy and conflicting interests. “The other factors are negligible because they do not control the theory.” Although the definition of conflicts revolves around international states, the war between Algeria and France will be considered from an international perspective. Additionally, the study will assess how the war was fought along ethnic lines, including cultural, linguistic and religious lines. In fact, “the Algerian war of liberation provided the opportunity to strengthen French coercive power.” In order to effectively understand the Algerian War, it is imperative to reflect on the mutual relations between Algeria and France. Historians often suggest that the conflict was complex and cannot be adequately explained because the war was fought on three fronts: first, there was the war that took place within the Algerians (between the Messalists and the FLN), then there is the war in France and finally the decolonization of Algeria. Algeria from France. The year “1956 is considered the year the Franco-Algerian War was propelled into the global consciousness.”Efforts to conquer Algeria began in 1830, shortly after the French consul in Algeria was sadly humiliated. The struggles of conquest lasted until 1947, the contingent managed to conquer the city of Algiers in three weeks, although it suffered minor losses. However, France engaged in a bloody battle that lasted for many years before taking full control of Algeria. In the late 1950s, a radical section of the Algerian Jewish leaders responded by reconsidering their history and background. “French colonization profoundly affected Algerian society. Indeed, “between 200,000 and 500,000 Harkis helped the French fight against the Algerian NFL”. First, the French established a new administrative system. Second, the French dismantled and completely changed the land ownership system in Algeria. Finally, the arrival of settlers completely transformed the framework of society in Algeria. At the end of the First World War, 791,000 French nationals (then representing around a third of the Algerian population) had settled in Algeria. Not only did the French dismantle the property system in Algeria, but they also destroyed social security and almost wiped out the traditional education system. In addition to affecting the economic structure of Algeria, the French also radically transformed the social and cultural environment of society. Even though protagonists like Napoleon III insisted on the need for equality between the French and Muslims, the reality was harsh. In the late 19th century, discrimination against Muslims was similar to that experienced by blacks in the American South. During their colonization in Algeria, the French adopted a policy in 1938 that established French as the official language and avoided Arabic as a foreign dialect. In 1962, “the French state orchestrated the “rejection of Muslims” from French colonies. » France had vast protectorates and colonies, but Algeria was an integral part of the colonial power. Algeria was a department of France based solely on a different continent. . By officially declaring Algeria an integral part of France like Burgundy or the Island of Normandy in the 1880s, "the French built hospitals, schools and roads and established a public administration in Algeria to create a lasting legacy.” The French colonist barely recognized the Algerians. However, a group of educated Muslims managed to launch a revolution against French colonization. The Young Algerians were the first organized revolutionary movement to oppose the discrimination of French rule. Indeed, “the French states in Algeria have strengthened their organizational role and the French state, spearhead, has improved its role of organizer and encouragement of racial interests”. At the same time, Young Algerians insisted that French authorities review discriminatory policies against indigenous people. The ideas promulgated by these educated individuals sparked an uprising hostile to French rule in Algeria. The demands of Young Algerians were rightfully recognized by French politicians who began to craft reforms that would expand the civil and political rights of marginalized groups towards the end. of the war. Yet stubborn French colonists were determined to destroy the revolution. Before World War I, the Algerian Youth Movement was the only substantial revolution. After World War II, the revolution gained momentum as the Algerian masses (including Algerians in the diaspora) organized themselves into political parties thatchallenged French domination. There has been political unrest in terms of different perspectives between Algerian movements. Until the end of World War II, Young Algerians asserted that the country could only survive viably under the aegis of France. The Algerian Ulema Association was motivated more by the pursuit of Salafist education and the political and religious freedom of the masses. On the other hand, the Étoile Nord-Africaine (North African Star) party fought for Algeria's full independence and its symbol was later adopted as the country's official flag. The Algerian revolution radically intensified after the end of World War II which left the French vulnerable. The various political movements in Algeria converged, sensing an opportunity to attack the French regime. Governor Weygand's attempts to appease the Algerian masses through inclusive policies were in vain. To make matters worse, Ferhat Abbas issued the Algerian manifesto citing the Atlantic Charter which guaranteed democratic government. Additionally, awareness was fueled by US President Wilson's statements regarding colonization. Wilson insisted that the resolution of colonial conflicts must be approached impartially with indigenous interests in mind. The first visible effects of the revolution became "visible on March 8, 1945, during the worldwide celebration of the end of the Second World War." The events that left several Muslims dead in the town of Sétif were unclear, but they provoked reprisals from angry Algerians and the French, who in turn responded with brutal force. “There were more than 26,000 attacks in 1956.” May 8 marks the definitive awareness of the harsh coexistence of the French. War broke out in Algeria and lasted until 1962. Around 300,000 Algerians and 30,000 French were lost in the war. As the short history of the Algerian-French relationship explains, Algeria was considered an integral part of France, but colonial laws discriminated against Algeria. the Algerian community. Theoretically, Algerians could succeed in acquiring French nationality on condition of converting to Christianity. Not only were these requests few in number, but the French administration refused most of the applications. The fact that colonial policies required Algerians to convert to Christianity and even denied them citizenship was indeed a form of ethnic discrimination. Even though there were no explicit policies, the integration of the Algerian and French communities was virtually unachievable due to the implicit laws of behavior that separated them. Obviously, the Algerians were predominantly Arab and had different ancestry than their colonizers. Ibn Badis defined the Algerians: My religion is Islam, my language is Arabic and my homeland is Algeria. Religion was also a central factor in the conflict. Although the FNL congress insisted that the Soumman Declaration separated questions of religion from those of the state as a whole, "in 1962 they exercised control over the Algerian population by banning the use of tobacco under the pretext of Islam. Ideally, the conflict was based on ethnic lines. Anarchy is an obvious concept observed in the Algerian revolution in the context of the security dilemma. Although anarchy in Algeria did not meet international standards, colonial control was less limited in some areas than in others. Indeed, the Second World War considerably reduced the.