The language development of children from low-income populations continues to be an ongoing barrier to academic progress. The cause of these linguistic deficiencies is a question to which there is no solid, proven answer. These linguistic deficiencies are often blamed on parents who, presumably, do not provide their children with sufficiently rich language learning environments. The groundbreaking 1995 work of Betty Hart and Todd Risley studied vocabulary development in families from different socioeconomic backgrounds and their findings assert that poor children grow up in linguistically impoverished environments that limit their vocabulary development and, ultimately, their academic success. Additionally, Hart and Risley's study claims that children from low-income backgrounds do not receive the same quality or quantity of language as children from middle- or high-income backgrounds. Their results indicate that by age 3, low-income children have vocabularies of approximately 500 words, while middle- to upper-SES children have vocabularies of more than 1,000 words. According to Hart and Risley, children of higher SES hear more words spoken by their parents and therefore know more words. “by the age of 3, children from professional families would have heard more than 30 million words, children from working-class families 20 million, and children from social families 10 million” (Pathologizing the Language and Culture of Poor Children p. 363, (Hart and Risley study p.132)). Hart and Risley also argue that these deficiencies play a significant role in high school dropout rates and the continuation of the cycle of poverty. Ultimately, Hart and Risley build on the idea that there is a culture of poverty that limits academic and career success...... middle of article ...... the factors that weigh on parents like having food for the family, home security and job security, etc. “Maternal stress has been shown to be transmissible to children and to negatively influence infants and young children. » (p. 13). Mother-wife and mother-child relationships are important in language development. Poor relationships lead to higher levels of stress, which has a negative influence on the child's receptive language, suggesting that there are a large number of causes in the family environment that influence language and speech. intellect. A crowded home environment is a measure of stress because the more people in the house, the more noise there is, decreasing the chances of mental calm. Crowded homes also predict less linguistic diversity and also a parental response that is neither warm nor supportive; in addition, there is a lack of routine and rules.