IntroductionGenetically modified organisms (GMOs) are by far the most controversial topic in agriculture and food security efforts. These crops and food products, formed by DNA manipulation in the laboratory, are programmed to resist disease, drought, herbicides, etc., by inserting a gene from a plant or animal species into the DNA sequence of the modified plant. The science is controversial because consumers are wary of technology that combines different species to create what critics call "frankenfood." However, scientists and development specialists say GMO technology has the potential to spark a "genetic revolution", building on the agricultural successes of the Green Revolution and bringing widespread food security to Africa. Genetically modified products increase agricultural productivity, and second-generation GMOs can also provide more nutrients needed by malnourished people. Despite these optimistic expectations, GM technology has been slow to spread across the African continent and has generated widespread skepticism and distrust. Currently, South Africa, Sudan, Burkina Faso and Egypt are the only African countries commercially producing biotech crops. More countries are conducting field trials and extensive R&D programs, but several African countries are adamantly opposed to GMO production. Analyzes of this opposition abound, but no one has until now been able to offer a definitive explanation for why these countries are so opposed to technology. This article will seek to better understand and refine this issue by describing scientific studies regarding the safety of GMOs, summarizing European GMO policies, and discussing GMOs in Africa by observing three individual case studies...... middle of the article......cutivesummary/default.asp.Minde, IJ and Kizito Mazvimavi. “The economics of biotechnology (GMO) and the need for a regional policy: the arguments in favor of the Comesa countries.” In AAAE Ghana Conference, 377-81, 2007.Mugabe, John. “Keeping hunger at bay: genetic engineering and food security in sub-Saharan Africa”. In Technopolicy Briefs: African Technology Policy Studies Network, 2003. Okeno, James A., Jeffrey D. Wolt, Manjit K. Misra, and Lulu Rodriguez. “Africa's inevitable march towards genetically modified (GMO) crops: opportunities and challenges for commercialization. » New Biotechnology 30, no. 2 (January 2013): 124-30. Paarlberg, Robert. “GMO foods and crops: Africa’s choice.” New Biotechnology 27, no. 5 (November 2010): 609-13.———. “The real threat to GMO crops in poor countries: consumer and policy resistance to GMO foods in rich countries.” Food policy 27 (2002): 247-50.