Risk factors for gang membership have been identified at five main levels: the individual, the family, the school, peers and community (Howell & Egley, 2005). For example, at the individual level, early onset of delinquency and antisocial behavior among preadolescents may be an indication of future criminality (Moffitt, 1993). Risk factors within peer association may have an effect on whether an adolescent joins a gang. These peers may have antisocial views, aggressive influences and possibly induce delinquent behavior if they were not present previously. Finally, the community environment has an effect on adolescents, particularly in high-crime areas where drugs, gun violence, and disorganization are prevalent (Howell & Egley, 2005). Environmental fear has produced an increase in gang membership where there is no social control. Additionally, early sexual activity as well as drug and alcohol use are also attributed to the risk of gang membership (Howell & Egley, 2005). Family factors such as poor parenting skills, lack of supervision, and poverty can produce other negative emotions and contribute to the development of delinquent tendencies (Eitle, Gunkel, & Van Gundy, 2004). In the school setting, adolescents' lack of attention or commitment to completing their education may be attributed to gang membership. Many members drop out of school and therefore do not have the necessary training for their future projects. Furthermore, “the weakening of conventional bonds (parental and school attachment) increases the risk of antisocial influences (delinquent peer association), internalization of antisocial values ​​and early behaviors such as early dating” (Howell and Egley, 2005, p. 337). As such, early transitions may cause "disorder...... middle of article ......persistent e-antisocial behavior: a developmental taxonomy.Psychological Review, 100(4), 674- 701.Piquero, AR (June 2011). Guest speeches: James Joyce, Alice in Wonderland, the Rolling Stone and Criminal Careers. Journal Youth Adolescence, 40, 761-775. Thornberry, TP, Krohn, MD, Lizotte, AJ, Smith, CA, & Tobin, K. (2003 ). Gangs and delinquency in developmental perspective. New York: Cambridge University Press. Thornberry, TP, Krohn, MD, Lizotte, AJ, & Chard-Wierschem, D. (February 1993). The role of youth gangs in facilitating delinquent behavior. Journal of Crime and Delinquency Research, 30(55), 55-86. doi:10.1177/0022427893030001005Wong, IW, Toh, DP, Hung, PP & Ang, RP (December 2013). Gang Delinquency – Selection or Socialization? Aggression and Violent Behavior, 18(6), 784-791. doi:10.1016/j.avb.2013.10.001