The Future of GeneticsThe HGP began in 1990. It is a 13-year effort coordinated and funded by the U.S. Department of Energy and the National Institutes of Health . The goals of the Human Genome Project are to identify the 100,000 genes in human DNA; determine the sequences of the 3 billion chemical base pairs that make up human DNA; store this information in databases; develop data analysis tools; transfer related technologies to the private sector; and address ethical, legal and social (ELSI) issues that may arise from the project. A working draft of the human sequence was completed in early 2000. The U.S. Human Genome Project (HGP), comprised of the DOE and NIH human genome programs, is the national coordinated effort to characterize all human genetic material by determining the complete sequence. of DNA in the human genome. The ultimate goal of the HGP is to discover more than 80,000 human genes and make them accessible for further biological studies. To facilitate future interpretation of human gene function, parallel studies are carried out in selected model organisms, such as Drosophilia Melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans. According to the Department of Energy program report, a perfect draft of the human sequence is expected by 2003. Some of the methods used by geneticists to map the human gene are atomic force microscopy of biochemically labeled DNA, Intracellular flow karyotyping and electrotransformation for introduction. DNA in industrial bacilliIntracellular flow karyotyping appears to be a feasible and beneficial method to analyze karyotype aberrations of individual cells using flow cytogenetics. The flow karyotyping method allows the quantification of chromosomal DNA by flow cytometry and thus the analysis of chromosomal aberrations on chromosome suspensions. Amounts of data providing statistical significance can be collected quickly and the approach allows precise mapping of chromosomal DNA composition. The limitation of the method is at the cellular level of analysis, which is the inability to detect low frequency or heterogeneous events with this method. The goal of this intracellular flow karyotyping project is to improve the technology to extend the method to the analysis of karyotype aberrations of individual cells. This technology could be particularly useful for the detection and quantification of heterogeneous anomalies. Chromosomal changes of this type occur upon exposure to ionizing radiation and are involved in karyotype instability and tumorigenesis. This approach will be studied both for biological dosimetry purposes, particularly in low dose contexts (number of abnormal cells, number of abnormalities per cell) and for research purposes (instability of the karyotype called tumorigenesis).).