Collective BargainingCollective bargaining is the process that involves the negotiation of terms and conditions of employment between the employer and employees. Terms of employment may include items such as working conditions, terms of employment and workplace rules, overtime pay, base salary, working hours, working holidays, shift length, vacation time, sick leave, health care benefits, and retirement benefits. In the United States, collective negotiations take place between union leaders and the management of the company that employs the union workers. The result of the process is known as the collective agreement and also developed the working rules set over several years. The costs of this employee representation are paid by the members of the union in the form of contributions. The collective bargaining process may include employee lockouts or strikes if they have difficulty reaching an agreement (Dannin, 99). Small organizations that have an employee union typically go through the collective bargaining process with union leaders in each sector. several years to establish the conditions and terms that allow the organization to use union labor. A single company may have a separate classification of employees based on their skill level and role in the organization. Organizations generally must abide by the agreement they have with unions for the duration of the contract, unless the union agrees to renegotiate the terms and conditions before the original agreement expires. The four issues considered to be the mandatory elements of the collective bargaining agreement Negotiating agreements are listed and discussed below: • Compensation programs • Worker rights • Law ...... middle of paper ...... nations. Works Cited Barro, Robert. Unions against the right to work. The Wall Street Journal. February 28, 2011. Online. April 9, 2014 <http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052748704150604576166011983939364>Budd, John. Labor relations: finding a balance. Business and economics 4th edition, (2013): 576Dannin, Ellen. Taking back labor law: how to fight against violations of labor rights. Ithaca, NY: ILR Press/Cornell University Press. (2006): 99-101Morris, Charles J. The Blue Eagle at Work: Reclaiming Democratic Rights in the American Workplace. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, (2004): 45-67 Pope, James G. How American Workers Lost the Right to Strike and Other Stories. 103 Mich. L.Rev. (3): (2004): 518-553. Pope, Jim. Labor legislation, sit-down strikes, and the making of American industrial relations, 1935-1958. 24 Law and History. Round. (01): (2006): 45–113