Bertrand Arthur William Russell was born to parents Viscount Amberley and Katherine, on May 18, 1872. In Trellech, United Kingdom; At the age of three, he was orphaned and raised by his grandmother. Although he was not sent to school, he was supervised by governesses and tutors. Acquiring a perfect knowledge of the French and German languages. In 1890 he entered Trinity College and Cambridge. In 1895 he was elected a Fellow of Trinity but did not gain the post as he had already left school in the summer of 1834. At school he received a first-class education and understanding of philosophy; In December 1834 he married Alys Pearsall Smith. After a short period of study in Berlin, he and his wife moved near Haslemere. In 1900, Russell visited a mathematics congress in Paris, where he was impressed by the abilities of the mathematician Peano, after which he immediately began studying his work. After studying Peano's work, in 1903 he wrote his first important book "The Principles of Mathematics". With the help of Dr. Alfred Whitehead, he furthered his knowledge of Peano's mathematical logic; In 1908 he was elected a fellow of the Royal Society. In 1910 he was appointed lecturer by Trinity College, but in 1916 he was stripped of the post. because he participated in the No Conscription movement after the outbreak of World War I, he was heavily fined. Afterwards, he was offered a position at Harvard, but was refused a passport. He intended to give lectures, but was prevented from doing so by the military authorities. 1918 Sentenced to six months in prison for a pacifist article in a magazine. His book “Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy” was written in prison. From 1920 he went to Russia to study Bolshevism, and later, in the fall, he found himself in the middle of a paper. straitjacket". In addition, he also made a great contribution to the foundations of mathematics, with his books and ideas. He is also known for his protests against World War I and the Vietnam War. In May 1901, then when Russell was writing one of his books, he discovered a paradox which bears his name This paradox arose from the connection with the set of all sets which are not members of themselves A set which, s. it exists, will be a member of itself and only itself The meaning of the paradox follows a classical logic, all sentences are driven by contradiction In the eyes of many mathematicians, the fact that there is therefore. no reliable evidence once discovered that this logic is the basis of all mathematics was contradictory at one point, he said: “The problem in the world is that the stupid are arrogant and the smart are full of; doubts..”