Fallacy Summary and Application as defined by the website Dictionary.com (2006) is "a false notion, statement, or argument based on a false or invalid inference, a incorrect reasoning or belief. ; error or the quality of being deceptive. Errors are everywhere; in the workplace, in the media and even at home. Errors can contain both relevant information and insufficient evidence. In today's workplace, it is important to be able to identify errors, otherwise the business could be affected. An error can also be considered an argument. If an argument contains an error, then the conclusion will not necessarily be true or proven. Some fallacies can also be used to trick a person into believing incorrect conclusions. Some of these may be intentional and others unintentional. This article will define three distinct fallacies, explain their importance to critical thinking, and provide examples illustrating each fallacy. The three closely related misconceptions that were chosen are the personal attack, the appeal to emotion, and the red herring fallacy. A fallacy of personal attack is made when we dismiss a person's argument or claim by attacking them with offensive remarks used as evidence to support their words. claim or argument. (Bassham, 2002) This type of thinking is fallacious because it directs the assertion towards the individual and not towards the assertion they are making. The truth in a statement must always be independent of the individual person. Often a negative statement will make an assumption based on how they perceive the person. So no matter what you think about a person, it should not be part of the evidence used to support the argument. Instead, people should focus their attention on the content of the claim and not on the person who made the argument. The content of the claim should be what is used to determine the validity of the claim, not an attack on the person making it. We have many examples of this type of mistake almost every day in business. Most people have been to a meeting where a person makes a statement and is then attacked, without considering the facts surrounding their statement. A good business example might be that the last project Bill managed was 30% over budget, so I don't think Bill's projections on this one could be correct..