Education and disabilityINTRODUCTIONThe importance of education for all children, especially those who are disabled and have limited social and economic opportunities, is indisputable. Indeed, the special education system has allowed children with disabilities greater access to public education. In addition, the special education system provided them with an effective framework for their education and enabled relevant institutions to identify children with disabilities earlier. This in turn promotes greater inclusion of children with disabilities alongside their non-disabled peers. Despite this progress, many obstacles remain, including delays in providing services to children with disabilities, as well as regulatory and financial hurdles that make the program difficult for everyone involved. System improvement requires better ways to understand and measure both ends of the special education continuum: the services that children in special education need and receive, as well as the educational outcomes achieved by these students. BACKGROUND The literature discusses the radical shift from exclusion to inclusion in US legislation governing the education of children with disabilities. Before the Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA) was ratified in 1975, it was estimated that only one in five Americans with an identified disability attended public schools. Unfortunately, of the three million children with special needs who attended school, many received little or no effective teaching. After IDEA, the number of these children in public schools increased by 100 percent, proof that the government's efforts were paying off. The special education system has not only given students with disabilities the opportunity to access public school...... middle of document ....... Full federal funding or better enforcement of Policies will improve educational outcomes for students with special needs and their families is very limited despite calls for increased funding and reform. Further studies of the effects of special education services on educational outcomes are needed to determine the effectiveness of funds allocated for this purpose. It is important to identify the causes of the gap between special education and general education, as well as ways to reduce this gap. Additionally, greater efforts are needed to develop and standardize appropriate assessments of academic achievement for students with disabilities. Finally, given the enormous differences in service needs and outcomes between students with different types of disabilities, there is a need to focus on understanding how all of these issues affect different subgroups of students in education. specialized..